Wassup doc? Heading out for pathology midterm exam!
My exam today went something like this:
15 MCQs including 1 case on diseases of the breast
6 Questions:
- Enumerate the characteristics and causes of nephrotic syndrome.
- Write short notes on pathological types of lung abscess. Mention the complications of lung abscess.
- Enumerate the effects and complications of benign nodular hyperplasia of the prostate.
- Write short notes on invasive carcinoma of the cervix (emphasize on: Gross appearance, Microscopical appearance, and spread)
- Write short assay on fibrocystic disease of the breast
- Give an account on the predisposing factors and complications of peptic ulcers.
Time allowed 90 minutes.
18-11-2008
Pathology 302
I found this photo on Flickr and couldn't resist sharing it with you. According to the up loader, the photo was taken in a public library in Holland. Beautiful!
Most important topics for pathology 302 midterm at M.U.S.T.
- Characteristics of Nephrotic Syndrome
- Immune mechanism of glomerular disease
- Acute diffuse glomerulonephritis
- Pylonephritis
- Renal calculi
- Renal cell carcinoma
- Hydronephrosis
- Malignant tumors of urinary bladder
- Causes of Hematuria
- Seminoma
- Benign hyperplasia of the prostate
- Carcinoma of the prostate
- Chronic cervicitis
- Carcinoma of the cervix
- Endometriosis
- Teratoma of the ovary
- Non neoplastic cyst of the ovary
- Benign proliferative breast disease
- Fibrocystic disease of the breast
- In situ carcinom of the breast
- Acute tonsillitis
- Bronchial asthma
- Broncho and lobular pneumonia
- Bronchiectasis
- Lung abscess
- Bronchogenic carcinoma
- Inflammatory pleural effusion
- Gastritis
- Peptic ulcer
Photo credit:
Jack Brodus - creative commons.
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I listened to a couple of the podcasts. They are interesting and informative but directed towards laymen. Visit the
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That adds one more podcast to my subscription list!
Do you follow any other medical podcasts? Please share them with us.
Medical entomology deals with the study of arthropods which cause or transmit disease to man.
We will focus on Family Culicidae here:
Culicidae include:
Members of this subfamily are characterized by:
- Long proboscis
- Presence of scales on body
- Female feeds on blood while the male feeds on plant juices.
Anopheles
Transmits the following diseases:
- Human malaria (Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Each year, there are approximately 515 million cases of malaria, killing between one and three million people.)
- Wuchereria bancrofti (Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic filarial nematode worm spread by a mosquito vector. It is one of the three parasites that cause lymphatic filariasis. It affects over 120 million people, primarily in Africa, South America, and other tropical and sub-tropical countries. Elephantiasis can result if the infection is left untreated. Limited treatment modalities exist and no vaccines have been developed.)
Culex
Transmits the following diseases:
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Viral encephalitis (Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain.)
- Rift valley fever (Rift Valley Fever is a viral zoonosis (affects primarily domestic livestock, but can be passed to humans) causing fever. The disease is caused by the RVF virus, a member of the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae).)
Aedes
Transmits the following diseases:
- Yellow fever (Yellow fever (also called yellow jack, black vomit or sometimes American Plague) is an acute viral disease. It is an important cause of hemorrhagic illness in many African and South American countries despite existence of an effective vaccine. The yellow refers to the jaundice symptoms that affect some patients.)
- Dengue fever (Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are acute febrile diseases, found in the tropics and Africa, and caused by four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae.)
- Wucherecia bancrofti
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-Image credits:
CDC.gov --- All images are in the public domain.
-For more free medical images, please visit:
Medical Images Public Domain (a group on Flickr)
Related posts:
- Medically Important Parasites (trematoda-flukes) + free good quality images
- Medically Important Parasites (cestoda-tapeworm) + free good quality images
- Medically Important Parasites (nematoda-roundworms) + free good quality images
- Medically Important Bacteria + free good quality images (Part I)
- Medically Important Bacteria + free good quality images (Part II)
- Medically Important Viruses + free good quality images (Part I)
- Medically Important Viruses + free good quality images (Part II)
According to wikipedia: Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes, (singular protozoan). While there is no exact definition of the term, most scientists use protozoan to refer to a unicellular heterotrophic protist, like amoebas and ciliates.
Some protozoa have life stages alternating between proliferative stages (eg trophozoites) and dormant cysts. As cysts, protozoa can survive harsh conditions, such as exposure to extreme temperatures and harmful chemicals, or long periods without access to nutrients, water, or oxygen for a period of time. Being a cyst enables parasitic species to survive outside of the host, and allows their transmission from one host to another.
When protozoa are in the form of trophozoites (Greek, tropho=to nourish), they actively feed and grow. The process by which the protozoa takes its cyst form is called encystation, while the process of transforming back into trophozoite is called excystation. Protozoa can reproduce by binary fission or multiple fission. Some protozoa reproduce sexually, some asexually, while some use a combination, (eg. Coccidia). An individual protozoan is hermaphroditic.
Images of some medically important protozoa:
Entamoeba hitolytica trophozoite
Entamoeba Histolytica cyst
Entamoeba Coli trophozoite
Entamoeba coli cyst
Balantidium Coli cyst
Giardia Lamblia trophozoite
Trichomona Vaginalis trophozoite
Naeglaria Fowleri in brain tissue
Acanthamoeba cyst in brain tissue
Dientamoeba Fragilis
-Image credits:
CDC.gov --- All images are in the public domain.
-For more free medical images:
Medical Images Public Domain (a group on Flickr)
-Related posts:
- Medically Important Parasites (trematoda-flukes) + free good quality images
- Medically Important Parasites (cestoda-tapeworm) + free good quality images
- Medically Important Parasites (nematoda-roundworms) + free good quality images
- Medically Important Bacteria + free good quality images (Part I)
- Medically Important Bacteria + free good quality images (Part II)
- Medically Important Viruses + free good quality images (Part I)
- Medically Important Viruses + free good quality images (Part II)
Ever wondered how to pronounce a new word and felt a little embarrassed to ask? No more worries. You can look up how to pronounce any word in so many languages over at frovo dot com.
http://forvo.com/
"Forvo is the place where you´ll find millions of words pronounced in their original languages. Cool, isn´t it?"
Do you know of any other sites that provide similar services?
Photo credit:
blmurch - Creative commons
Dear virtual friends, other than over here, you can find me on YouTube, Prep4usmle, FriendFeed, Facebook, Flickr, Google Reader, Skype, and Google Talk. If you would like to be my friend on any of those, let me know.
Oh, and if by any chance I did not exchange links with you till now, let me know. I will be happy to.
Image Credit: christophercarfi , creative commons.
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